Genetic testing may have limited useful and reliable applications especially in the case of diseases whose genes are few and have been correctly identified. Huntington gene is one example. People with Huntington disease have 36 to more than CAG (Huntington disease is also known as CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion) Genetic engineering is and has been a controversial topic since it first emerged in the 's. Before we can discuss genetic engineering, we must first know what it is. Genetic engineering is the deliberate adding of genes to change the genetic makeup of something Sep 20, · Introduction. The hereditary molecule that is tasked with carrying genetic instructions that are used in all living things in development, growth, reproduction and functioning is referred to as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA molecules consist of two strands which are bipolar and are mostly coiled near to one another to form a spiral/5(9)
Genetic Testing, Essay Example | blogger.com
The hereditary molecule genetic essay is tasked with carrying genetic instructions that are used in all living things in development, growth, genetic essay, reproduction and functioning is referred to as deoxyribonucleic acid DNA. DNA molecules consist of two strands which are bipolar and are mostly coiled near to one another to form a spiral. This strands are referred to as polynucleotides simply because they are made of small units known as nucleotides. The information of the DNA is stored in this nucleotides, genetic essay. This nucleotides are made of guanine, thymine, cytosine and adenine which are chemical bases, and they are usually denoted with letters G, T, C, and A respectively.
In addition to the four chemical bases, the nucleotide has a sugar and a phosphate group. According to the base pairing rules, the two separate polynucleotides are bound together A pairs T and C pairs G. How it works. The two strands store the same biological message, if the strands happen to separate the information in the strands is replicated. The double strands of DNA run in the opposite direction of one another. Hence they are not parallel. In every sugar, one of the nucleobases types A, T, G, and C is attached. The sequence of this nucleobases, which is embedded in the backbone of the DNA, encrypts the biological information. Ribonucleic acid RNA is usually created by DNA strands in a process referred to as transcription, and the DNA strands act as the templates for this process.
Through genetic essay process of translation, the RNA strands using the genetic code create the amino acid within proteins sequence. Glover, David, et al, genetic essay, Chromosomes are structures into which DNA has been incorporated. During cell division, through the process DNA replication the chromosomes are duplicated, hence every cell is provided with chromosomes that are a complete set. Eukaryotic organisms which include fungi, animals and plants, use their cell nucleus is used to store most of their Genetic essay and some of the DNA in organelles for example chloroplasts and mitochondria. Whereas in bacteria and archaea prokaryotes use the cytoplasm to store their DNA. Histones are an example of proteins that structure and mold the DNA in eukaryotic chromosomes, genetic essay, this helps in controlling the parts that can be transcribed of the DNA, genetic essay, hence making the DNA and other proteins to interact smoothly.
Classification of nucleobasesThe nucleobases in a DNA strand have to major groups. We have the purines, they include adenine denoted by A and guanine denoted by G. The cytosine C genetic essay thymine T make up another group called pyrimidines. Uracil is a pyrimidine nucleobase that RNA takes the place of thymine, the lack of methyl group on its ring, it makes it different from thymine. The DNA PropertiesNucleotides are units that make DNA and are repetitive hence causing a long polymer. Its dynamic along its length, hence making it possible to coil into loops and various shapes too.
DNA in all species is comprised of paired chains that are genetic essay together by hydrogen bonds. These chains join together around the same axis, genetic essay. It exists as molecules held tightly together in pairs rather than as a single molecule. The strands interlace to form a double helix. Nucleotides are made of segments and nucleobase, the backbone is used to hold the chain together, and the nucleobase is used interact with another strand in the DNA in the genetic essay helix. A sugar that is linked to nucleobase is referred to as a nucleoside. And if a sugar that is combined with one or more phosphate groups is linked to a nucleobase then we have a nucleotide. While a polymer composed of multiple connected nucleotides is referred to as a polynucleotide, genetic essay.
Alternating residuals of nucleotides and sugar make up the backbone of the strand of the DNA. The sugar is a two deoxyribose that genetic essay a pentose sugar, phosphate groups join these sugars hence forming phosphodiester bonds. With these asymmetric bonds, it means that the DNA has a strand direction. The DNA strand is made stable by two units that is hydrogen bonds, which genetic essay used to genetic essay nucleotides, the other is base stacking that is used for the nucleobases. Silverstein, Virginia, Laura, Every mutagen creates a different type of DNA damage, for instance, electromagnetic radiation produces thymine dimers that form cross-links between pyrimidine, oxidants like hydrogen peroxide cause damages including base modifications, mostly of guanosine and breaks of double strands.
Glover, David M, David Dugan, Jeff Goldblum, James D. Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, and Peter Pauling. Silverstein, Alvin, Virginia B. Silverstein, genetic essay, and Laura S. Minneapolis: Twenty-First Century Books, Dacascos, Mark, Jurgen Prochnow, genetic essay, and William Mesa.? La Crosse, WI: Platinum Disc Corporation, Contents 1 Introduction 2 Our writers can help you with any type of essay. For any subject genetic essay. Need a custom essay on the same topic? Our writers genetic essay help you with any type of essay.
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Are GMOs Good or Bad? Genetic Engineering \u0026 Our Food
, time: 9:03Genetics - Free Essay Example | blogger.com
Why is Genetic Engineering Good Essay Topics Genetic engineering and disease prevention The creation of a healthy and better society Production of drought-resistant crops Crop pollen spreads further than expected Survival of human species Birth of healthy children with desirable traits Solving food Genetic testing may have limited useful and reliable applications especially in the case of diseases whose genes are few and have been correctly identified. Huntington gene is one example. People with Huntington disease have 36 to more than CAG (Huntington disease is also known as CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion) Sep 20, · Introduction. The hereditary molecule that is tasked with carrying genetic instructions that are used in all living things in development, growth, reproduction and functioning is referred to as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA molecules consist of two strands which are bipolar and are mostly coiled near to one another to form a spiral/5(9)
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