Essay # 1. Introduction to Soil Conservation in India: In India about 81 m. million hectare lands out of total geographical area of blogger.comes are affected by erosion problem. In other terms “out of net cultivated area of m ha, m ha lands are suffering from erosion either due to Jun 01, · Abstract. In this dissertation, I estimate the value of soil and water quality improvements using revealed and stated preferences of anglers and farmers, respectively. I also identify the causal effect of a groundwater management program in India. I find that the standard approach to valuing changes in environmental quality may often underestimate the Apr 04, · Soil and Water Conservation Essay Writing Tips. Depending on the genre of your soil and water conservation essay the expected outcomes can differ. For example, the ending of an argumentative soil and water. 54 words free sample essay on Soil words free sample essay on Soil Different kinds of crops are raised on desert soil wherever water
Student essays: Soil and water conservation essay
All the plant family, animal kingdom and human society at large depend upon soil for their sustenance directly or indirectly. Ironically, soil is the most neglected commodity on the earth. Shifting cultivation on the hill slopes, non-adoption of soil conservation techniques, and over exploitation of land for crop production due to population stress, leads to enormous soil erosion. It will take hundreds of years to form an inch of soil, but in no time it soil and water conservation essay washed away down the slope due to erosion. So conservation of soil is essential for sustenance of human life on the earth. Generating additional employment opportunities and income through secured livelihood in rural areas.
Retarding Watershed degradation caused by deforestation, soil erosion, sedimentation, soil and water conservation essay, land degradation and hydrologic deterioration of the watersheds. Locating, reclaiming and developing culturable wastelands, fallows other than current fallows and degraded lands o meet increasing and competing demands for additional land stock for various sectors. Fewer people realize that their well-being also depends on the health of the soil. Soil supports the growth of most of our food and fibre, so its productivity is a major factor in the economies of Canada and other nations.
But soil also has a much broader, global role. Soil acts as a filter, cleaning air and water. It exchanges gases with the atmosphere and thus influences the global climate. Soil receives organic wastes and recycles their nutrients back to plants; it also holds and breaks down some toxic wastes. Because soil plays such a key role in world health, economics and environmental stability, we must conserve it and use it in a sustainable manner. This practices aim at some objective as follows:? To divide a long slope of land into a series of shorter ones in order to reduce the velocity of run off water.
To retain the water in the land for long period so as to allow maximum water to be absorbed and held in the soil and less water flows down the slope of the land at non-erosive velocity. To protect the soil against erosion by water. The important mechanical soil conservation measures are as follows: Contour bunding Contour bunding consists of building earthen embankment at intervals across the slope and along the contour line of the field. A series of such bund divide the area into strips and act as barrier to the flow of water. As a result, the amount and velocity of run-off are reduced, resulting reducing he soil erosion. Contour bunding is made on land where the slope is not very steep and the soil is fairly permeable.
Contour bunds are also called level terraces, absorbtion type terraces or ridge type teracces. Contour bunding works are carried out over wide areas in many parts of India, notably in Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. Terracing A terrace is an embankment of ridge of earth constructed across the slope to control run off and to minimize soil erosion. A terrace reduces the length of the hill side slope, thereby reducing sheet and rill erosion and prevents formation of gullies, soil and water conservation essay. There are different types of soil and water conservation essay as follows:? Bench terracing: It consists of transforming relatively steeps land into a series of level or nearly level strips or steeps running across the slope, soil and water conservation essay.
The soil materials that are excavated from the upper part of the terrace is used in filling the lower part and a small bund is also raised along the outer edge of the terrace to check the downward flow of rainwater and also soil erosion. Channel terrace: It consists of making of wide but shallow channels across the slope of the land either exactly on contour line or with a slight grade 0. per cent. In this process, the excavated soil is placed along the lower edge of the channel in the form of low ridge. Narrow based terrace: It consists of making a number of narrow based ridges or bunds at a distance of 1m to 2m across the slope of the land at suitable intervals in high rainfall areas. Broad based ridge terrace: It consists of making wide but low bunds on the contour lines by excavating soils from both sides of terrace.
This is practiced in areas where the rainfall is relatively low. Contour trenching: It consist of making a series of deep pit i. wide and 1ft. eep or trenches across the slope at convenient distance. The soil excavated from the trenches is deposited on the lower edge of the trenches where forest trees are planted. Land Development Land development consists of leveling and bunding to enable control of soil erosion and production of more remunerative crops. Diversion Bund The uncontrolled discharge from the hillocks cause heavy soil erosion in uplands down below. So a diversion bund is put along the foot hill zone along the contour with proper safe disposal system to protect the land from soil erosion, soil and water conservation essay.
Gully control The gullies are formed due to soil erosion in all types of lands. A gully control measure consists of construction of series of check dams across the gully. There may be brush wook, check dams, soil and water conservation essay, rock fill check dams and masonry check dams according to the severity of the problem. These are supported by soil and water conservation essay measures. The gullies threaten to engulf adjoining valuable lands and at times damage the roads and buildings. By gully control measures, the land is protected and in most cases reclaimed for cultivation. Watershed Development The watershed is the geohydrological unit discharging the run-off to a particular point.
The soil conservation measures on watershed basis have proved to be more effective. Hence treatment measures on watershed basis from top to bottom soil and water conservation essay to the drainage line are taken up under watershed development programme with active participation of the people of the locality. It consists of basic activities like nursery, training, research etc and conservation and production system in arable and non-arable land, drainage line soil and water conservation essay and live stock management.
Agronomic soil conservation measures: Use of Vegetation Crops and vegetables which cover the ground surface well and have extensive root system reduce soil erosion. Plant canopy protect the soil from the adverse effect of rainfall. The grasses and legumes produce dense sod which helps in reducing soil erosion. The vegetation provides organic matter to the soil. As a result, the fertility of soil increases and the physical condition of soil is improved, soil and water conservation essay. Following soil and water conservation essay systems help in controlling soil erosion. Crop rotation Crop rotation is planned sequence of cropping. Rotation of crop is an important method for checking erosion and maintaining productivity of soil.
A good rotation should include densely planted small grain crops, spreading legume crop etc. which may check soil erosion. Strip Cropping It consists of growing erosion permitting crop e. Jowar, Bajra, Maize etc. in alternate strips with erosion checking close growing crops e. grasses, pulses etc. Strip cropping employs several good farming practices including crop rotation, contour cultivation, proper tillage, stubbles mulching, cover cropping etc. It is very effective and practical means for controlling soil erosion, specially for gently slopping land. It may be of different types as follows:? Contour strip Cropping: Contour strip cropping is the growing of erosion permitting and erosion resisting crops alternately in strips across the slope and on the contour line.
This practice is useful because it checks the fast flow of run-off water increases the infiltration of water in the soil and prevents soil erosion. Field Strip Cropping: Strips of crop are parallel to the general slope of the land. Wind Strip Cropping: Strips of crop are across the direction of wind regardless of contour. Buffer Strip Cropping: In this, the severally eroded portion of land is permanently kept under grass and contour strip cropping is practices in the rest of the area. Cultivation of proper crops Cultivation of row crop in sloppy lands permits soil erosion. In this filed, soil and water conservation essay, the crops particularly cereals, fodder crop etc.
should be broadcasted and the plants remain haphazardly in field. As a result, the movement of water gets obstacle and more water is absorbed in the soil, thus reducing soil erosion. Mixed and intercropping Cowpea-Vigna catjang, with cotton — Gossipum Sp, maize — Zea mays with soyabean — Glycine max etc. practice checks the soil erosion and avoids the risks of the crop failure. The land should not be kept without crop There is very scope of soil erosion if there are no crops on the land, soil and water conservation essay. The soil erosion decreases in different way of cropped land. Afforestation Afforestation means growing of forests where there were no forests before owing to lack of seed trees or due to adverse factors such as unstable soil, aridity or swampiness. Along with afforestation, reforestation should be undertaken which means replanting of forests at places where they have been destroyed by uncontrolled forest fires, excessive felling and lopping.
Afforestation is the best means to check the soil erosion. Lutz and Chandler cited the following points in support of vegetational check erosion as follows:? Infiltration of water is favoured due to high porosity of soil under vegetation. Percolation of water helps in preventing the soil moisture which accelerates further growth of the vegetation. Surface accumulation of organic matter increases the water holding capacity of the underground soil. Root system of vegetation holds the soil mechanically and provides stability of the underground soil. It gives the protection against wind.
The forest vegetation shields the soil from direct effect of drought, snow and rain. Mulching: Mulches of different kinds such a leaves, straws, paper, stubbles, etc. inimize evaporation and increase the absorption of moisture and soil and water conservation essay the surface of the land against the beating action of rain drops, soil and water conservation essay. Later on they decay to form humus which improves the physical condition of soil. Natural mulching also helps in the infiltration of water and the reduction of evaporation. Organic manure: Organic manures improve the soil structure. The crumb and granular structure increases the infiltration and permeability in the soil and conserve the soil water.
Water Conservation - Essay
, time: 2:15Essays on the Benefits of Soil and Water Conservation
Essay # 1. Introduction to Soil Conservation in India: In India about 81 m. million hectare lands out of total geographical area of blogger.comes are affected by erosion problem. In other terms “out of net cultivated area of m ha, m ha lands are suffering from erosion either due to Feb 08, · Water and Soil Protection Soil Contamination: Soil contamination or soil pollution is caused by the presence of xenobiotic (human-made) chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. It is typically caused by industrial activity, agricultural chemicals, or improper disposal of waste. The most common chemicals involved are Water Conservation Essay. Words4 Pages. One of the items people, animals, and our environment cannot live without is water. Water is extremely vital in the everyday life of everyone in the world from everyday life of drinking, washing clothes, animals, grains, cleaning, and so many other uses that eliminating water would eliminate our species as we all depend on the
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